Trade Terms Definitions (on Manage Defaults/Customs Clearance)

EXW
Ex Works

当卖家将货物送至买家指定的地点时（例如工厂或仓库），且此地点可能不是卖家指定的。为顺利送达快件，卖家无需组织装车，也无需负责出口清关。
FCA
Free Carrier
卖家以以下两种方式之一将货物递送给买家：
  • 首先，地点为卖家指定时，当快件被装载至买家安排的运输工具时视为已经派送。
  • 其次，当指定其他地点时，当货物被装载至卖家指定的运输工具运送至约定地点，且在运输方或买家指定的经理人协助下准备好卸货。

无论指定的派送地点为上述两种的哪一种，地点所伴随的风险以及运输中的费用均为买家承担。
CPT
Carriage Paid To
卖方递送货物时通过将货物交接给卖方的承运人或设法将货物派送时将风险转移给买方。卖家可将货物实体通过合适的方式交接至合适的地点。一旦货物被送达至买方，卖家将不必继续确保货物状态，数量和质量完好的到达目的地。这是因为当货物被装车即被视为送达，风险已从卖方转至买方;卖方需要指定货物派送时至目的地的运输方式。
CIP
Carriage and Insurance Paid To
卖方递送货物时通过将货物交接给卖方的承运人或设法将货物派送时将风险转移给买方。卖家可将货物实体通过合适的方式交接至合适的地点。一旦货物被送达至买方，卖家将不必继续确保货物状态，数量和质量完好的到达目的地。这是因为当货物被装车即被视为送达，风险已从卖方转至买方;卖方需要指定货物派送时至目的地的运输方式。
DPU
Delivered at Place Unloaded
当货物到达时被卸载，并被放置在买方规定的地点之内即视为卖方送达货物，且将风险转移给买方。卖方承担货物运输并将货物卸载至指定地点的一切风险。在这个贸易条款中，因此，派送和货物到达目的地意义相同。DPU是唯一要求卖方将货物卸载至目的地的贸易条款。因此卖家需要确保其能够在其指定的地点安排卸货。如果卖方不打算承担卸货的费用及风险，则不要使用DPU，而使用DAP。
DAP
Delivered at Place
当货物在买方的安排下准备卸货至指定地点即视为货物送达，货物相关风险转移至买方。卖方应承担将货物送至约定地点的全部风险。因此在这个贸易条款中，派送和到达目的地意义相同。
DDP
Delivered Duty Paid
当货物在买方的安排下准备卸货至指定地点，完成进口清关，即视为货物送达。卖方应承担将货物送至约定地点的全部风险。因此在这个贸易条款中，派送和到达目的地意义相同。
四种交易术语:
  • FAS (Free Alongside Ship)
  • FOB (Free on Board)
  • CFR (Cost and Freight)
  • CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight)
此类Incoterms® 术语仅供参考，因为如果使用DHL快递服务则无需此类交易方式。
Incoterms® Definition

EXW Ex Works The seller's only obligation is to make the goods available at its premises or at another named place (works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’s premises to the desired destination. This term represents the minimum obligation for the seller.
FCA Free Carrier The seller’s obligation is to hand over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. The parties are advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point.
CPT Carriage Paid To The seller pays the freight for the delivery of goods to the carrier or to another person nominated by the seller at the named destination. Once delivered, the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer. This term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To The seller has the same obligations as under CPT but has the responsibility of obtaining insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to goods during carriage. Insurance only needs to be obtained at minimum coverage and the seller is required to clear the goods for export.
DPU Delivered At Place Unloaded The seller delivers the goods and transfers risk to the buyer when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named place of destination or at the agreed point within that place, if any such point is agreed. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the named place of destination. In this Incoterms rule, therefore, the delivery and arrival at destination are the same. DPU is the only Incoterms rule that requires the seller to unload goods at destination. The seller should therefore ensure that it is in a position to organize unloading at the named place. Should the parties intend the seller not to bear the risk and cost of unloading, the DPU rule should be avoided and DAP should be used instead.
DAP Delivered At Place The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller is required to clear the goods for export and the importer is responsible for effecting customs clearance, and paying any customs duties.
DDP Delivered Duty Paid The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of importation, including all costs and risks in bringing the goods to import destination. This includes all export and import duties, taxes and customs formalities.